Arterial hypertension and smoking in pregnant women in the Valencian Community: maternal and neonatal outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: Hypertension and smoking during pregnancy have been linked to various adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The objective of this work is to study how the smoking influences the development of hypertension, its effects on the pregnant woman, and on the newborn. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational study in two phases was carried out: the descriptive first phase allows characterization of the sample and the analytical second phase is a case-control nested in a retrospective cohort corresponding to pregnancy. RESULTS: A total of 712 women were included in the study. Of the 672 (94.4%) non-hypertensive women, 533 (79.3%) were non-smoking and 139 (20.7%) smoking. For the 40 (5.6%) hypertensive women, 30 (75.0%) were non-smoking and 10 (25.0%) smoking. The prevalence of hypertension was of 5.6%. Women who quit smoking before pregnancy saw a reduced risk of hypertension. For women who smoke during pregnancy, those of younger ages, with a normal body mass index, who are primiparous, employed and with a low-medium level of education have higher risk of hypertension. The risk of hypertension according to the level of physical activity during leisure time follows a "U" shape, with those who perform light physical activity at the lowest risk of hypertension. Hypertensive women have a higher risk of small for gestational age newborns. Smoking does not pose an additional risk for adverse outcomes once hypertension is diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should aim to determine the role of smoking habit in the appearance of hypertension in pregnancy in order to establish adequate intervention guidelines that may aid in reducing the prevalence of hypertension.

Sedentarismo en el embarazo: efectos sobre la madre y el recién nacido / Sedentary lifestyle in pregnancy: Effects on the mother and the newborn

Objetivo Identificar el estado de sedentarismo durante el embarazo y los factores asociados a este comportamiento, los posibles factores, su situación de salud y del recién nacido. Material y métodos Este estudio observacional transversal de 2 fases se desarrolló en el Hospital Universitario y Politécnico de La Fe, y participaron 228 mujeres embarazadas. Las características sociodemográficas maternas se obtuvieron mediante cuestionario estructurado e información de salud de la historia clínica electrónica, así como los resultados perinatales del recién nacido. Para evaluar el sedentarismo se valoró el ejercicio en el tiempo libre y el ejercicio en horario laboral, categorizándolos en función de la intensidad (sedentarismo, actividad leve, actividad moderada e intenso). Resultados En total, la prevalencia de sedentarismo fue del 31,14%. El perfil de este grupo tiene menor nivel educativo y desempleo (p<0,05), presentando una mayor prevalencia de problemas durante el parto, que requirió cesárea, así como problemas posparto en el recién nacido (p<0,05). Conclusiones La inactividad física es altamente prevalente entre las mujeres embarazadas. Debido a los beneficios (o no daños) atribuidos al ejercicio durante el embarazo. Se deben realizar mayores esfuerzos para superar las barreras para promover actividades entre las mujeres embarazadas que son más jóvenes, menos educadas y desempleadas, y aquellas con varios hijos y menores ingresos tienen menos probabilidades de participar en una cantidad adecuada de actividad física, conscientes de la importancia de hacerlo, resolviendo dudas y disipando temores que puedan surgir por una mala comprensión del mecanismo de su beneficio (AU)

Objective Identify the state of sedentary lifestyle during pregnancy and the factors associated with this behavior, the possible factors of your health situation and that of the newborn. Material and methods This two-phase, cross-sectional observational study was developed at the La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital and 228 pregnant women participated. Maternal sociodemographic characteristics were obtained using structured questionnaire and health information from the electronic medical records, as well as perinatal results of the newborn. To assess sedentary lifestyle, exercise in free time and exercise during working hours were assessed, categorizing them based on intensity (sedentary lifestyle, light activity, moderate and intense activity). Results In total, the prevalence of physical inactivity was 31.14%. The profile of this group has a lower level of education and unemployment (P<.05), presenting a higher prevalence of problems during childbirth, which required a caesarean section, as well as problems after birth in the newborn (P<.05). Conclusions Physical inactivity is highly prevalent among pregnant women. Due to the benefits (or non-harm) attributed to exercise during pregnancy. Further efforts should be taken to overcome the barriers to promote activities among pregnant women who are younger, less well educated, and unemployed and those with multiple children and a lower income are less likely to engage in an adequate amount of physical activity, aware of the importance of doing it, resolving doubts and allaying fears that may arise from a poor understanding of the mechanism of its benefit (AU)

Fish intake in pregnant women and its impact on maternal-fetal health status / Ingesta de pescado en mujeres embarazadas y su impacto en el estado de salud materno-fetal

Objective The objective was to evaluate the consumption of fish in pregnant women and its association with maternal and infant outcomes. Material and methods In this observational study carried out at the La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital in Valencia, 300 pregnant women participated. The participants were divided into 2 groups according to their fish consumption during pregnancy for comparison. The χ2 test or ANOVA test were applied for comparisons for qualitative and quantitative variables respectively. Results It was observed that 49% of women consumed adequate amounts of fish during pregnancy (2 or 3 weekly servings). Significant differences were observed for iron supplementation (higher in women with inadequate fish consumption), threatened pregnancy loss (higher in women with inadequate fish consumption), infant size (better in women with adequate fish consumption), and arterial O2 pressure (better in women with adequate fish consumption). In regard to the other components of the dietary pattern, no differences were observed but the adequacy of intake for grains and white meat was very poor (less than 5.0%). Conclusions Half of the women met the recommendations for fish intake during pregnancy and presented an overall healthier eating pattern but without statistical significance (AU)

Objetivo Evaluar el consumo de pescado en mujeres embarazadas y su asociación con la salud materno-infantil. Material y métodos En este estudio observacional llevado a cabo en el Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe de Valencia participaron 300 mujeres embarazadas. Las participantes se dividieron en dos grupos según su consumo de pescado durante el embarazo para comparar. Para las comparaciones de variables cualitativas y cuantitativas se aplicaron la prueba de χ2 o la ANOVA, respectivamente. Resultados Se observó que el 49% de las mujeres consumieron cantidades adecuadas de pescado durante el embarazo (2 o 3 raciones semanales). Se observaron diferencias significativas para la suplementación con hierro (mayor en mujeres con consumo inadecuado de pescado), amenaza de pérdida del embarazo (mayor en mujeres con consumo inadecuado de pescado), tamaño del bebé (mejor en mujeres con consumo adecuado de pescado) y presión arterial de O2 (mejor en mujeres con consumo adecuado de pescado). En cuanto a los demás componentes del patrón dietético, no se observaron diferencias, pero la adecuación del consumo de cereales y de carnes blancas fue muy pobre (menos del 5,0%). Conclusiones La mitad de las mujeres cumplían con las recomendaciones de consumo de pescado durante el embarazo y presentaban un patrón alimentario globalmente más saludable, pero sin significación estadística (AU)

Fish intake in pregnant women and its impact on maternal-fetal health status.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate the consumption of fish in pregnant women and its association with maternal and infant outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this observational study carried out at the La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital in Valencia, 300 pregnant women participated. The participants were divided into 2 groups according to their fish consumption during pregnancy for comparison. The χ2 test or ANOVA test were applied for comparisons for qualitative and quantitative variables respectively. RESULTS: It was observed that 49% of women consumed adequate amounts of fish during pregnancy (2 or 3 weekly servings). Significant differences were observed for iron supplementation (higher in women with inadequate fish consumption), threatened pregnancy loss (higher in women with inadequate fish consumption), infant size (better in women with adequate fish consumption), and arterial O2 pressure (better in women with adequate fish consumption). In regard to the other components of the dietary pattern, no differences were observed but the adequacy of intake for grains and white meat was very poor (less than 5.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Half of the women met the recommendations for fish intake during pregnancy and presented an overall healthier eating pattern but without statistical significance.

[Sedentary lifestyle in pregnancy: Effects on the mother and the newborn]. / Sedentarismo en el embarazo: efectos sobre la madre y el recién nacido.

OBJECTIVE: Identify the state of sedentary lifestyle during pregnancy and the factors associated with this behavior, the possible factors of your health situation and that of the newborn. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This two-phase, cross-sectional observational study was developed at the La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital and 228 pregnant women participated. Maternal sociodemographic characteristics were obtained using structured questionnaire and health information from the electronic medical records, as well as perinatal results of the newborn. To assess sedentary lifestyle, exercise in free time and exercise during working hours were assessed, categorizing them based on intensity (sedentary lifestyle, light activity, moderate and intense activity). RESULTS: In total, the prevalence of physical inactivity was 31.14%. The profile of this group has a lower level of education and unemployment (P<.05), presenting a higher prevalence of problems during childbirth, which required a caesarean section, as well as problems after birth in the newborn (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Physical inactivity is highly prevalent among pregnant women. Due to the benefits (or non-harm) attributed to exercise during pregnancy. Further efforts should be taken to overcome the barriers to promote activities among pregnant women who are younger, less well educated, and unemployed and those with multiple children and a lower income are less likely to engage in an adequate amount of physical activity, aware of the importance of doing it, resolving doubts and allaying fears that may arise from a poor understanding of the mechanism of its benefit.